Finals

= = EHS Finals Schedule: = = = =
 *  Tuesday, December 19  :
 *  Period 1  8:15-9:25
 *  Period 3  9:30-10:40
 *  Period 5  10:45-11:55
 *  Period 7  12:00-1:10
 * LUNCH Available at 1:10
 * Buses will pick up at regular time (No early bus)
 * Makeups in the afternoon

= =
 *  Wednesday, December 20 :
 *  Period 2 <span class="aQJ" style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-size: 14.66px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 8:15-9:25
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Period 4 <span class="aQJ" style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-size: 14.66px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 9:30-10:40
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Period 6 <span class="aQJ" style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-size: 14.66px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 10:45-11:55
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; vertical-align: baseline;">LUNCH Available at 11:55
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; vertical-align: baseline;">Buses will pick up at regular time (No early bus)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.66px; vertical-align: baseline;">Makeups in the afternoon

= = = English 1 Links: = https://quizlet.com/17676134/e1-s1-final-flash-cards/ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; background-image: url(">[]
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 29.2793px; text-align: start;">Quizlet ** - Click on the link below to go to a site where you can study and play games with this semester's words.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 29.2793px; text-align: start;">Also, you can prepare for the final at this site: **

**English 1 S1 Final Study Sheet**

1. apprehensively (adv) – with fear 2. assuage (v) – to comfort 3. amiable (adj) – friendly 4. contrition (n) – guilt 5. futility (n) – uselessness 6. genially (adv) – with friendliness 7. guileless (adj) - honest 8. indigenous (adj) – native 9. inquisitive (adj) – curious 10. incredulous (adj) – disbelieving 11. malevolent (adj) – evil 12. mortification (n) – embarrassment 13. poignantly (adv) – deeply 14. query (n) – a question 15. relent (v) – to stop 16. remorse (n) – regret 17. repugnance (n) – dislike 18. scrutinize (v) – to inspect 19. squalor (n) – dirtiness 20. wrathfully (adv) – angrily
 * Vocabulary (Know the spelling, part of speech, and definition of each word.)**

I. **Synonyms & Antonyms** A. **Synonyms** – words which have the same meaning ex. – **melancholy** and **sullen** (both mean //sad//) B. **Antonyms** – words which have the opposite meaning ex. – **peeved** and **mollified** (//angry// vs. //calmed//) II. **Parts of speech** A. **Nouns** – people, places, or things (ex. – **students**) B. **Verbs** – actions or states of being(ex. – **study** or **are**) C. **Adjectives** – modify or describe **nouns** (ex. – **good** students) D. **Adverbs** modify verbs or adjectives (ex. – do **well**; **well** ready) III. **Capitalization** A. Words at the beginning of a complete sentence are always capitalized. ex. – __T__hey studied diligently for the final B. Words at the start of a complete sentence quote are capitalized. ex. – He asked, “__D__id you study diligently for the final?” C. Proper nouns are always capitalized. ex. – The __S__miths live on __G__rape __S__treet in __E__nglewood next to __M__om. D. Months and days of the week are always capitalized. ex. – The final will be on __W__ednesday, __D__ecember 16. E. All words (except middle conjunctions, articles, or prepositions) are capitalized in titles. (ex. – //__T__he __E__xact __D__ay of the __F__inal and the __S__emester’s __E__nd//) IV. **Homonyms / Homophones / Homographs** A. **Homonyms** – spelled the same, pronounced the same, different meanings ex. – bear (n) – an animal; bear (v) – to handle B. **Homophones** – spelled differently, pronounced the same, different meanings ex. – __rapt__ (adj) – interested; wrapped (adj) – bound C. **Homographs** – spelled the same, pronounced differently, different meanings ex. – __articulate__ [“at”] (adj) – understandable; articulate [“ate”] (v) – to say V. **Commonly Confused Words** VI. **Modifiers / Appositives** 1. **Modifier** – a word or phrase that describes (or modifies) a noun ex. – The final, **given at the end of the semester**, was difficult. 2. **Appositive** – a noun or noun phrase that adds more detail about a noun in a sentence ex. – The final, **a difficult exam**, was taken at the end of the semester. VII. **Agreement** A. **Antecedents** in sentences must agree with their **pronouns**. ex. – **John**, are those folders **yours**? B. **Subjects** must agree with their **verbs**. ex. – **Neither one** of them **is** going to do badly on the final. VIII. **Commas** 1. Place a comma after an introductory or concluding word or phrase. ex. – **Before going out,** we must study for the final. 2. Place a comma after everything before the conjunction in a list of three or more. ex. – We must bring a **pen,** our **homework,** and our brains. 3. Place a comma between two complete thoughts (subject/verb combination) separated by a conjunction (compound sentence). ex. – **I’ll** eventually **go** to the party**,** but **I** must **study** first. 4. Set off appositives (descriptor words or phrases) with commas. ex. – I have to study for English 1**,** **my next class,** if I want to do well. IX. **Titles** 1. Titles of bigger works (books, movies, paintings) need __underlining__ or //italics//. ex. – __To Kill a Mockingbird__ 2. Titles of smaller works (short stories, poems, songs) need “quotation marks.” ex. – “A Path through the Cemetery” X. **Figurative vs. Literal** A. **Figurative** – not word-for-word true, ex. – The final was a walk in the park. B. **Literal** – word-for word true, ex. – The final was easy. XI. **Figurative Language** 1. **Metaphor** – a comparison of two unlike things __without__ using “like” or “as” ex. – The final was a piece of cake. 2. **Simile** – comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as” ex. – The final was as easy as pie. 3. **Personification** – giving a non-human thing human characteristics ex. – The final complimented me on my preparation. 4. **Hyperbole** – over-exaggerating for emphasis ex. – I was starving during the final. 5. **Onomatopoeia** – a word that sounds like the sound it describes ex. – bang, pop, swish, snap, beep, crackle, etc. XII. **Fragments and Run-ons** A. **Fragment** 1.less than one complete sentence 2. missing either a subject (noun) or a predicate (verb) ex. – The difficult final taken before break. B. **Run-on** 1. more than one complete sentence 2. needs to be divided into complete sentences or thoughts using: a. period (.) b. semicolon c. comma  and conjunction (and, but, or, so. etc.) 3. ex. – The difficult final taken before break was hard we had studied. XIII. **Apostrophes** A. Used to hold the place for missing letters/numbers 1. **contractions** (ex. – can’t = cannot) 2. year abbreviations (ex. – ’09 = 2009) B. Used to indicate **possession** 1. singular nouns take an apostrophe before the s (ex. – Bob’s book) 2. plural nouns __with__ an s = s’ (students’ books); __without__ an s = ’s (women’s) XIV. **Character Types** XV. Anything about //To Kill a Mockingbird// is fair game on the final I.
 * Concepts (Know how to answer multiple choice questions on each of the following topics.)**
 * 1) __effect__ (n) – a result; affect (v) – to influence
 * 2) __except__ (preposition) – other than; accept (v) – to take
 * 3) __deference__ (n) – respect; difference (n) – a change
 * 4) __disburse__ (v) – to distribute; disperse (v) – to scatter
 * 5) __extant__ (adj) – existing; extent (n) – a range
 * 6) __their__ (poss. pronoun) – belonging to them; there (n) – a place; they’re (contrac.) – they are
 * 1) **Round** – a well-developed character who seems like a real person
 * 2) **Flat** – an under-developed character who seems made-up and two-dimensional
 * 3) **Active** – a character who changes over the course of the narrative
 * 4) **Static** – a character who stays the same over the course of the narrative

2015 Semester 2 Finals
 * Wednesday 20th || Thursday 21st || Friday 22nd ||
 * 1st - 8:30-9:50

3rd - 9:55-11:15

Lunch - 11:15-12:00

5th - 12:05-1:25

Academic Support/Makeups 1:30-3:30 || 2nd - 8:30-9:50

4th - 9:55-11:15

Lunch - 11:15-12:00

6th - 12:05-1:25

Academic Support/Makeups 1:30-3:30 || 7th - 8:30-9:50

8th - 9:55-11:15

Lunch - 11:15-12:00

Academic Support/Makeups 12:00-3:30 ||


 * ENGLISH 1**

[]
 * Quizlet**- Click on the link below to go to a site where you can study and play games with this semester's words.

http://mrssperry.com/MrFornnarino%20English%201%20Quizzes.htm
 * Also, you can prepare for the final at this site:**

Semester 2 Final Study Sheet – **English 1**

Vocabulary

1. allure (n) – appeal 2. ardently (adv) – with strength 3. askew (adj) – messy 4. capitulate (v) – to surrender 5. conceit (n) – an idea 6. corroborate (v) – to support 7. enigmatically (adv) – mysteriously 8. fickle (adj) – unsure 9. formidable (adj) – impressive 10. gallantly (adv) – bravely 11. inexorable (adj) – unstoppable 12. insolence (n) – rudeness 13. lamentation (n) – sorrow 14. malice (n) – hate 15. nostalgic (adj) – sentimental 16. portentous (adj) – ominous 17. predominant (adj) – main 18. solace (n) – comfort 19. surreptitiously (adv) – with stealth 20. voraciously (adv) – hungrily

Semester 2 Final Study Sheet – English 1 Concepts 1. Parts of Speech noun – a person, place, or thing adjective – describes or modifies a noun verb – an action adverb – describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb Virtuous cronies quarrel coyly. (adj.) (n.) (v.) (adv.) 2. Synonyms and Antonyms

3. Pronouns and Antecedents 4. Apostrophes - to show possession for a singular noun, add ‘s ex. – woman’s book or Mrs. Jones’s book - to show possession for a plural noun ending in s, add an apostrophe after the s ex. – ladies’ books - to show possession for a plural noun **__not__** ending in s, add ‘s ex. – women’s book 5. **Quotation Marks** - double quotes are used around direct quotations ex. - “Study!” he exclaimed. - single quotes are used around quotations with a quote ex. – “Our teacher exclaimed, ‘Study!’” reported Jeff. - do not use quotes for indirect quotations ex. - Jeff said that our teacher exclaimed that we should study. 6. **Advanced Figures of Speech / Poetic Devices** ex. – This final has taken me so long to finish, **I’m dying**! ex. – The **brains in the room** are working hard pass the exam. (**brains=students**) ex. – passive aggressive, talk show, awfully good, Dodge Ram, inside out, same difference, giant Mr. F. ex. – After being given the final study sheet, they didn’t know what was on the final. ex. – All of the __st__udying __st__udents were __st__riving not to __st__ay freshmen forever. 7. **Affect vs. Effect** ex. – How will studying for the final **affect** your overall grade in the class? ex. – What will be the **effect** of the final on your overall grade? 8. **Misplaced Modifiers** - **incorrect**: All of the students thought that the final was easy **who had studied**. - **correct**: All of the students **who had studied** thought that the final was easy. 9. **Who vs. Whom** 10. **Title Non-Capitalization** Articles (the, an, a), conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions (of, by, for, on) **__aren’t__** capitalized in the middle of titles. ex. - //Love in a Time of War and Violence// 11. **Double Negatives** - **incorrect**: There won’t be **no**body who fails the final - **correct**: There won’t be **any**body who fails the final. 12. Anything about **//Tenderness//**, **//The Odyssey//**, and **//Romeo and Juliet//**is fair game on the final.
 * synonyms – mean the same (ex. – disheartened/doleful/forlorn)
 * antonyms – mean the opposite (ex. – prodigious & meager)
 * pronoun – a substitute for a noun; ex. - Bill did well after he studied for the final.
 * antecedent – a subject of a sentence to which a pronoun agrees; ex. – Bill did well after he studied.
 * possession
 * contractions – the apostrophe is used to hold the place for missing letters ex. – did not = didn’t
 * missing digits – the apostrophe can also hold the place for missing numbers ex. – Class of 2010 = Class of ‘10
 * quotations
 * titles of smaller works ex. – “The Raven” (poem), “Moon River” (song), “Learning English” (article)
 * **__hyperbole__** - use of exaggerated terms for emphasis
 * **__metonymy__** – a part of something stands for a whole
 * **__oxymoron__** - using two terms together that normally contradict each other
 * **__irony__** - a situation indicating the opposite of what is expected
 * **__alliteration__** – the repetition of an initial word sound
 * **affect** is typically used as a verb
 * **effect** is typically used as a noun
 * a **modifier** is a word or phrase that describes another word or phrase in a sentence
 * misplaced modifiers don’t seem to be modifying the correct word or phrase due to their placement
 * use “who” when the who is doing the primary action in the sentence ex. – **Who took** the final?
 * use “whom” when the who isn’t doing the primary action ex. – **From whom** did **they receive** the final?
 * sentences that have two negative words unintentionally make a positive
 * correct double negatives by eliminating one of the negative words or by changing it to a positive word


 * HONORS ENGLISH 1**

[]
 * Quizlet**- Click on the link below to go to a site where you can study and play games with this week's words.
 * Also, you can prepare for the quiz at this site:** []

**Honors English 1** S2 Final Study Sheet Vocabulary (Know the spelling, part of speech, and definition of each word.)

1. aberration (n) – a deviation 2. assuage (v) – to relieve 3. beholden (adj) – indebted 4. congenital (adj) – innate 5.edification (n) – instruction 6. ex cathedra (adj) – authoritative 7. facetiously (adv) – jokingly 8. fractious (adj) – difficult 9. guilelessly (adv) – with honesty 10. harangue (v) – to rant

11. myopic (adj) – shortsighted 12. obstreperous (adj) – unruly 13. poignantly (adv) – with emotion 14. prosaic (adj) – dull 15. purloin (v) – to steal 16. rectitude (n) – integrity 17. squander(v) – to waste 18. __temerity__ (n) – boldness 19. __unobtrusively__ (adv) – inconspicuously 20. __untrammeled__ (adj) – free

**//Concepts//** (Know how to answer multiple choice questions on each of the following topics.) I. **Synonyms & Antonyms** A. **Synonyms** – words which have the same meaning ex. – **impudent** and **impertinent** (both mean //rude//); **benevolent** and **benign** (both mean //harmless//) B. **Antonyms** – words which have the opposite meaning ex. – **corroborative** and **immaterial** (//suppotive// vs. //unimportant//) II. **Agreement**

1. A collective noun names a group of people or things: //jury, crew, family, class// III. **Modifiers / Appositives** ex. – The final, **given at the end of the semester**, was difficult. ex. – The final, **a difficult exam**, was taken at the end of the semester IV. **Literary / Poetic Devices (from (//The Odyssey, “//Book 9”)** ex. – “…nor till the **gr**ound, though **gr**ain—wild wheat and barley—**gr**ows untended…” (l.60-1) ex. – “ ‘Telemus, a son of Eurymus; great length of days he had in wizardry among the Cyclopes…’ ” (l.422-4) ex. – “ ‘Sweet cousin ram, why lag behind the rest in the night cave?’ ” (l.358-9) ex. – “We felt a pressure on our hearts, in dread of that deep rumble and that mighty man.” (l.160-1) ex. – “I wished to see the caveman, what he had to offer—no pretty sight, it turned out, for my friends.” (l.130-2) ex. – “In a smithy, one sees a white-hot axehead or adze plunged and wrung in a cold tub…just so that eyeball hissed around the spike.” (l.299-303) ex. – “carrion rogue” (l.365); “wild man” (l.115) V. **Apostrophes** A. Used to hold the place for missing letters/numbers 1. **contractions** (ex. – can’t = cannot) 2. year abbreviations (ex. – ’09 = 2009) B. Used to indicate **possession** VI. **Possessive Nouns** A. **Singular Subjects: __always__** add -‘s (ex. – Ms. Jones’s book) B. **Plural Subjects ending in –s:** add an apostrophe (ex. – the girls’ books) C. **Plural Subjects not ending in –s:** add –‘s (ex. – the women’s books) VII. **Pronoun Usage** A. **Subject Pronouns** 1. used when nouns are performing an action or in states of being (ex. – **They** took the final; the takers of the final were **they**.) 2. compound subjects follow the same format (ex. – **He and I** took the final; the takers of the final were **he and I**.) B. **Object Pronouns** 1. used when nouns are having an action performed to or for them (ex. – He gave the final to **them**; to **them** the final was given.) 2. compound subject follow the same format (ex. – He gave the final to **him and me**; to **him and me** the final was given.) C. **Antecedents** 1. sentence subject with which a pronoun corresponds (ex. - **Todd** will take the final, and he will pass.) 2. pronouns must always agree with antecedents (ex. – Todd and I will take it, and **we** will pass.) VIII. **Character Types** IX. **Plot Charting / Structure (//The Odyssey, “//Book 9”)** X. Anything about //To Kill a Mockingbird// is fair game on the final.
 * 1) **Personal Pronoun Subjects**
 * 2) Except for //be//, the only difference between singular and plural verbs is the third person present tense.
 * 3) The third person present tense always ends in –s (ex. – studies, aces, passes, etc.).
 * 4) **Compound Subjects**
 * 5) Use plural verbs with most compound subject joined by //and//.(ex. – He and she **are** studying.)
 * 6) Use singular verbs with compounds joined by //and// that refer to singular things. (ex. – Peanut better and jelly **is** good study food.)
 * 7) Use singular verbs with compound subject preceded by //each// or //every//.(ex.–Each concept and learned element **is** there.)
 * 8) When compound subject are joined by //or// or //nor//, the verb agrees with the subject nearer to the verb. (ex. – Either that question or those **are** on the final.)
 * 9) **Indefinite Pronoun Subjects**
 * 10) Singular verbs are used with singular indefinite pronouns. (ex. – Everyone //is// aware of the final.)
 * 11) Plural verbs are used with plural indefinite pronouns (ex. – Many //are// planning on studying.)
 * 12) Some indefinite pronouns may be singular or plural. (ex. – Most studying //is// helpful, but most of the students //are// ready.
 * 13) **Inverted Sentences (Subverted Subjects)**
 * 14) In most sentences, the subject appears before the verb.
 * 15) In inverted sentences, the order is reversed, and agreement problems result. (ex. – On the final //are// many questions about grammar.)
 * 16) **Collective Nouns**
 * 1) Use a singular verb when the group is acting as one unit. (ex. – The class //takes// the final.)
 * 2) Use a plural verb when members or parts are acting individually. (ex. – The class members //take// the final.)
 * 3) Some collective nouns have a plural form: //news, mumps, macaroni//
 * 4) Some nouns that end in –s may be singular or plural: //ethics, politics, athletics, economics//
 * 1) **Modifier** – a word or phrase that describes (or modifies) a noun
 * 1) **Appositive** – a noun or noun phrase that adds more detail about a noun in a sentence
 * **__alliteration__** – the repetition of the same initial consonant sound
 * **__allusion__** – a reference to a literary or historical person
 * **__apostrophe__** – speech directed to a person of thing who/that can’t hear/understand the speaker
 * **__atmosphere/mood__** – the feeling established by events, places, or situations
 * **__foreshadowing__** – a hint about what is to come
 * **__imagery__** – words or phrases that appeal to the senses
 * **__oxymoron__** - using two terms together that normally contradict each other
 * **Round** – a well-developed character who seems like a real person
 * **Flat** – an under-developed character who seerinoms made-up and two-dimensional
 * **Active** – a character who changes over the course of the narrative
 * **Static** – a character who stays the same over the course of the narrative
 * **Exposition** – the introduction of characters and basic situation; ex. – Odysseus and his men explore the Cyclops’s island including the Cyclops’s cave.
 * **Exciting Force** – a complication that starts the conflict; ex. – The Cyclops returns to the cave and rolls the stone in front of the door.
 * **Rising Action** – a series of events that develop the conflict; ex. – The Cyclops begins to eat Odysseus’s men; Odysseus gets the Cyclops drunk on wine.
 * **Climax** – the major turning point or emotional high point; ex. – Odysseus and his men blind the Cyclops and escape from his cave under the sheep.
 * **Falling action** – a series of events following the climax; ex. – Odysseus nearly dooms his men and himself by taunting the Cyclops.
 * **Resolution –** how things end up; ex. - Odysseus and his men escape the Cyclops’s island.

__FINALS SCHEDULE FOR SEMESTER ONE FALL 2014__

Monday, December 15 All 8 classes

Tuesday, December 16 Finals for period 2, 4, 6 Period 2 8:30-9:50 Passing 9:50-9:55 Period 4 9:55-11:15 Lunch 11:20-12:00 Passing 12:00-12:05 Period 6 12:05-1:25 Makeups 1:25-3:30

Wednesday, December 17 Finals for period 1, 3, 5 Period 1 8:30-9:50 Passing 9:50-9:55 Period 3 9:55-11:15 Lunch 11:20-12:00 Passing 12:00-12:05 Period 5 12:05-1:25 Makeups 1:25-3:30

Thursday, December 18 Finals for period 7 & 8 Period 7 8:30-9:50 Passing 9:50-9:55 Period 8 9:55-11:15 Lunch 11:15-11:55 Makeups 11:55-3:30

=English 1 Links:= [] http://mrssperry.com/MrFornnarino%20English%201%20Quizzes.htm
 * Quizlet**- Click on the link below to go to a site where you can study and play games with this semester's words.
 * Also, you can prepare for the final at this site:**

**__English 1 S1 Final Study Sheet__**

**//Vocabulary//** (Know the spelling, part of speech, and definition of each word.) 1. apprehensively (adv) – with fear 2. assuage (v) – to comfort 3. amiable (adj) – friendly 4. contrition (n) – guilt 5. futility (n) – uselessness 6. genially (adv) – with friendliness 7. guileless (adj) - honest 8. indigenous (adj) – native 9. inquisitive (adj) – curious 10. incredulous (adj) – disbelieving 11. malevolent (adj) – evil 12. mortification (n) – embarrassment 13. poignantly (adv) – deeply 14. query (n) – a question 15. relent (v) – to stop 16. remorse (n) – regret 17. repugnance (n) – dislike 18. scrutinize (v) – to inspect 19. squalor (n) – dirtiness 20. wrathfully (adv) – angrily

**//Concepts//** (Know how to answer multiple choice questions on each of the following topics.) I. **Synonyms & Antonyms** A. **Synonyms** – words which have the same meaning ex. – **melancholy** and **sullen** (both mean //sad//) B. **Antonyms** – words which have the opposite meaning ex. – **peeved** and **mollified** (//angry// vs. //calmed//) II. **Parts of speech** A. **Nouns** – people, places, or things (ex. – **students**) B. **Verbs** – actions or states of being(ex. – **study** or **are**) C. **Adjectives** – modify or describe **nouns** (ex. – **good** students) D. **Adverbs** modify verbs or adjectives (ex. – do **well**; **well** ready) III. **Capitalization** A. Words at the beginning of a complete sentence are always capitalized. ex. – __T__hey studied diligently for the final B. Words at the start of a complete sentence quote are capitalized. ex. – He asked, “__D__id you study diligently for the final?” C. Proper nouns are always capitalized. ex. – The __S__miths live on __G__rape __S__treet in __E__nglewood next to __M__om. D. Months and days of the week are always capitalized. ex. – The final will be on __W__ednesday, __D__ecember 16. E. All words (except middle conjunctions, articles, or prepositions) are capitalized in titles. (ex. – //__T__he __E__xact __D__ay of the __F__inal and the __S__emester’s __E__nd//) IV. **Homonyms / Homophones / Homographs** A. **Homonyms** – spelled the same, pronounced the same, different meanings ex. – bear (n) – an animal; bear (v) – to handle B. **Homophones** – spelled differently, pronounced the same, different meanings ex. – __rapt__ (adj) – interested; wrapped (adj) – bound C. **Homographs** – spelled the same, pronounced differently, different meanings ex. – __articulate__ [“at”] (adj) – understandable; articulate [“ate”] (v) – to say V. **Commonly Confused Words** VI. **Modifiers / Appositives** 1. **Modifier** – a word or phrase that describes (or modifies) a noun ex. – The final, **given at the end of the semester**, was difficult. 2. **Appositive** – a noun or noun phrase that adds more detail about a noun in a sentence ex. – The final, **a difficult exam**, was taken at the end of the semester. VII. **Agreement** A. **Antecedents** in sentences must agree with their **pronouns**. ex. – **John**, are those folders **yours**? B. **Subjects** must agree with their **verbs**. ex. – **Neither one** of them **is** going to do badly on the final. VIII. **Commas** 1. Place a comma after an introductory or concluding word or phrase. ex. – **Before going out,** we must study for the final. 2. Place a comma after everything before the conjunction in a list of three or more. ex. – We must bring a **pen,** our **homework,** and our brains. 3. Place a comma between two complete thoughts (subject/verb combination) separated by a conjunction (compound sentence). ex. – **I’ll** eventually **go** to the party**,** but **I** must **study** first. 4. Set off appositives (descriptor words or phrases) with commas. ex. – I have to study for English 1**,** **my next class,** if I want to do well. IX. **Titles** 1. Titles of bigger works (books, movies, paintings) need __underlining__ or //italics//. ex. – __To Kill a Mockingbird__ 2. Titles of smaller works (short stories, poems, songs) need “quotation marks.” ex. – “A Path through the Cemetery” X. **Figurative vs. Literal** A. **Figurative** – not word-for-word true, ex. – The final was a walk in the park. B. **Literal** – word-for word true, ex. – The final was easy. XI. **Figurative Language** 1. **Metaphor** – a comparison of two unlike things __without__ using “like” or “as” ex. – The final was a piece of cake. 2. **Simile** – comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as” ex. – The final was as easy as pie. 3. **Personification** – giving a non-human thing human characteristics ex. – The final complimented me on my preparation. 4. **Hyperbole** – over-exaggerating for emphasis ex. – I was starving during the final. 5. **Onomatopoeia** – a word that sounds like the sound it describes ex. – bang, pop, swish, snap, beep, crackle, etc. XII. **Fragments and Run-ons** A. **Fragment** 1.less than one complete sentence 2. missing either a subject (noun) or a predicate (verb) ex. – The difficult final taken before break. B. **Run-on** 1. more than one complete sentence 2. needs to be divided into complete sentences or thoughts using: a. period (.) b. semicolon c. comma  and conjunction (and, but, or, so. etc.) 3. ex. – The difficult final taken before break was hard we had studied. XIII. **Apostrophes** A. Used to hold the place for missing letters/numbers 1. **contractions** (ex. – can’t = cannot) 2. year abbreviations (ex. – ’09 = 2009) B. Used to indicate **possession** 1. singular nouns take an apostrophe before the s (ex. – Bob’s book) 2. plural nouns __with__ an s = s’ (students’ books); __without__ an s = ’s (women’s) XIV. **Character Types** XV. Anything about //To Kill a Mockingbird// is fair game on the final.
 * 1) __effect__ (n) – a result; affect (v) – to influence
 * 2) __except__ (preposition) – other than; accept (v) – to take
 * 3) __deference__ (n) – respect; difference (n) – a change
 * 4) __disburse__ (v) – to distribute; disperse (v) – to scatter
 * 5) __extant__ (adj) – existing; extent (n) – a range
 * 6) __their__ (poss. pronoun) – belonging to them; there (n) – a place; they’re (contrac.) – they are
 * 1) **Round** – a well-developed character who seems like a real person
 * 2) **Flat** – an under-developed character who seems made-up and two-dimensional
 * 3) **Active** – a character who changes over the course of the narrative
 * 4) **Static** – a character who stays the same over the course of the narrative

Semester 2 Final Study Sheet – **English 1**

Vocabulary 1. allure (n) – appeal 2. ardently (adv) – with strength 3. askew (adj) – messy 4. capitulate (v) – to surrender 5. conceit (n) – an idea 6. corroborate (v) – to support 7. enigmatically (adv) – mysteriously 8. fickle (adj) – unsure 9. formidable (adj) – impressive 10. gallantly (adv) – bravely 11. inexorable (adj) – unstoppable 12. insolence (n) – rudeness 13. lamentation (n) – sorrow 14. malice (n) – hate 15. nostalgic (adj) – sentimental 16. portentous (adj) – ominous 17. predominant (adj) – main 18. solace (n) – comfort 19. surreptitiously (adv) – with stealth 20. voraciously (adv) – hungrily

Concepts 1. Parts of Speech noun – a person, place, or thing adjective – describes or modifies a noun verb – an action adverb – describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb Virtuous cronies quarrel coyly. (adj.) (n.) (v.) (adv.) 2. Synonyms and Antonyms 3. Pronouns and Antecedents 4. Apostrophes - to show possession for a singular noun, add ‘s ex. – woman’s book or Mrs. Jones’s book - to show possession for a plural noun ending in s, add an apostrophe after the s ex. – ladies’ books - to show possession for a plural noun **__not__** ending in s, add ‘s ex. – women’s book 5. **Quotation Marks** - double quotes are used around direct quotations ex. - “Study!” he exclaimed. - single quotes are used around quotations with a quote ex. – “Our teacher exclaimed, ‘Study!’” reported Jeff. - do not use quotes for indirect quotations ex. - Jeff said that our teacher exclaimed that we should study. 6. **Advanced Figures of Speech / Poetic Devices** ex. – This final has taken me so long to finish, **I’m dying**! ex. – The **brains in the room** are working hard pass the exam. (**brains=students**) ex. – passive aggressive, talk show, awfully good, Dodge Ram, inside out, same difference, giant Mr. F. ex. – After being given the final study sheet, they didn’t know what was on the final. ex. – All of the __st__udying __st__udents were __st__riving not to __st__ay freshmen forever. 7. **Affect vs. Effect** ex. – How will studying for the final **affect** your overall grade in the class? ex. – What will be the **effect** of the final on your overall grade? 8. **Misplaced Modifiers** - **incorrect**: All of the students thought that the final was easy **who had studied**. - **correct**: All of the students **who had studied** thought that the final was easy. 9. **Who vs. Whom** 10. **Title Non-Capitalization** Articles (the, an, a), conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions (of, by, for, on) **__aren’t__** capitalized in the middle of titles. ex. - //Love in a Time of War and Violence// 11. **Double Negatives** - **incorrect**: There won’t be **no**body who fails the final - **correct**: There won’t be **any**body who fails the final. 12. Anything about **//Tenderness//**, **//The Odyssey//**, and **//Romeo and Juliet//** is fair game on the final.
 * synonyms – mean the same (ex. – disheartened/doleful/forlorn)
 * antonyms – mean the opposite (ex. – prodigious & meager)
 * pronoun – a substitute for a noun; ex. - Bill did well after he studied for the final.
 * antecedent – a subject of a sentence to which a pronoun agrees; ex. – Bill did well after he studied.
 * possession
 * contractions – the apostrophe is used to hold the place for missing letters ex. – did not = didn’t
 * missing digits – the apostrophe can also hold the place for missing numbers ex. – Class of 2010 = Class of ‘10
 * quotations
 * titles of smaller works ex. – “The Raven” (poem), “Moon River” (song), “Learning English” (article)
 * **__hyperbole__** - use of exaggerated terms for emphasis
 * **__metonymy__** – a part of something stands for a whole
 * **__oxymoron__** - using two terms together that normally contradict each other
 * **__irony__** - a situation indicating the opposite of what is expected
 * **__alliteration__** – the repetition of an initial word sound
 * **affect** is typically used as a verb
 * **effect** is typically used as a noun
 * a **modifier** is a word or phrase that describes another word or phrase in a sentence
 * misplaced modifiers don’t seem to be modifying the correct word or phrase due to their placement
 * use “who” when the who is doing the primary action in the sentence ex. – **Who took** the final?
 * use “whom” when the who isn’t doing the primary action ex. – **From whom** did **they receive** the final?
 * sentences that have two negative words unintentionally make a positive
 * correct double negatives by eliminating one of the negative words or by changing it to a positive word

=**HONORS ENGLISH 1 LINKS:**= [] []
 * Quizlet**- Click on the link below to go to a site where you can study and play games with this week's words.
 * Also, you can prepare for the quiz at this site:**

HONORS ENGLISH 1 LINKS **Quizlet**- Click on the link below to go to a site where you can study and play games with this semester's words. [] **Also, you can prepare** **for the final at this site:** []

**__Honors English 1 S1 Final Study Sheet__** **//Vocabulary//** (Know the spelling, part of speech, and definition of each word.) 1. **__acuity__** (n) – sharpness 2. **__amenable__** (adj) – agreeable 3. **__apoplectic__** (adj) – angry 4. **__beguile__** (v) – to trick 5. **__curmudgeonly__** (adv) – grumpily 6. **__emaciated__** (adj) – gaunt 7. **__fastidiously__** (adv) – painstakingly 8. **__gregarious__** (adj) – friendly 9. **__inexorable__** (adj) - unstoppable 10. **__insouciant__** (adj) – carefree 11. **__lamentation__** (n) – sorrow 12. **__pernicious__** (adj) – destructive 13. **__precipitously__** (adv) – abruptly 14. **__propagate__** (v) – to multiply 15. **__remonstration__** (n) – complaining 16. **__ruminate__** (v) – to ponder 17. **__sanguinary__** (adj) – bloodthirsty 18. **__sententious__** (adj) – preachy 19. **__surreptitiously__** (adv) – with secrecy 20. **__transgression__** (n) – a violation **//Concepts//** (Know how to answer questions on each of the following topics.) I. **Synonyms & Antonyms** A. **Synonyms** – words which have the same meaning ex. – **supple** and **malleable** (both mean //flexible//) or **grandiose** and **florid** (//showy//) B. **Antonyms** – words which have the opposite meaning ex. – **demure** and **pretentious** (//modest// vs. //pompous//) II. **Pronouns and Antecedents** III. **Apostrophes** - to show possession for a singular noun, add ‘s ex. – woman’s book or Mrs. Jones’s book - to show possession for a plural noun ending in s, add an apostrophe after the s ex. – ladies’ books - to show possession for a plural noun **__not__** ending in s, add ‘s ex. – women’s book IV. **Quotation Marks** - double quotes are used around direct quotations ex. - “Study!” he exclaimed. - single quotes are used around quotations with a quote ex. – “Our teacher exclaimed, ‘Study!’” reported Jeff. - do not use quotes for indirect quotations ex. - Jeff said that our teacher exclaimed that we should study. V. **Advanced Figures of Speech / Poetic Devices** ex. – This final has taken me so long to finish, **I’m dying**! ex. – The **brains in the room** are working hard pass the exam. (**brains=students**) ex. – first final, passive aggressive, talk show, awfully good, Dodge Ram, inside out, same difference, giant Mr. F. ex. – After being given the final study sheet, they didn’t know what was on the final. ex. – All of the __st__udying __st__udents were __st__riving not to __st__ay freshmen forever. VI. **Affect vs. Effect & Lie vs. Lay** ex. – How will studying for the final **affect** your overall grade in the class? ex. – What will be the **effect** of the final on your overall grade? ex. – Please go **lie** down in bed so you’ll be rested for the final. ex. – Please **lay** your final on the teacher’s desk VII. **Misplaced Modifiers** - **incorrect**: All of the students thought that the final was easy **who had studied**. - **correct**: All of the students **who had studied** thought that the final was ea VIII. **Who vs. Whom** IX. **Title Non-Capitalization** Articles (the, an, a), conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions (of, by, for, on) **__aren’t__** capitalized in the middle of titles **__unless__** the word is five or more letters long. ex. - //Love During a Time of War and Violence// X. **Double Negatives** - **incorrect**: There won’t be **no**body who fails the final - **correct**: There won’t be **any**body who fails the final. XI. **Irregular Verbs** XII. **Commas** ex. – **Before going out,** we must study for the final. ex. – We must bring a **pen,** our **homework,** and our brains. ex. – **I’ll** eventually **go** to the party**,** but **I** must **study** first. ex. – I have to study for English 1**,** **my next class,** if I want to do well. XIII. **Titles** ex. – __Life of Pi__ ex. – “A Path Through the Cemetery” XIV. **Fragments and Run-ons** A. **Fragment** B. **Run-on** 1. more than one complete sentence 2. needs to be divided into complete sentences or thoughts using: a. period (.) b. semicolon c. comma  and conjunction (and, but, or, so. etc.) 3. ex. – The difficult final taken before break was hard we had studied. XV. **Constructed Response:** Everything about //Life of Pi// and //Romeo and Juliet// is fair game on the final. **__S T U D Y !__** **Honors English 1** S2 Final Study Sheet Vocabulary (Know the spelling, part of speech, and definition of each word.)
 * **__pronoun__** – a substitute for a noun; ex. - Bill did well after **he** studied for the final.
 * **__antecedent__** – a subject of a sentence to which a pronoun agrees; ex. – **Bill** did well after he studied.
 * possession
 * contractions – the apostrophe is used to hold the place for missing letters ex. – did not = didn’t
 * missing digits – the apostrophe can also hold the place for missing numbers ex. – Class of 2010 = Class of ‘10
 * quotations
 * titles of smaller works ex. – “The Raven” (poem), “Moon River” (song), “Learning English” (article)
 * **__hyperbole__** - use of exaggerated terms for emphasis
 * **__metonymy__** – a part of something stands for a whole
 * **__oxymoron__** - using two terms together that normally contradict each other
 * **__irony__** - a situation indicating the opposite of what is expected
 * **__alliteration__** – the repetition of an initial word sound
 * **affect** is typically used as a verb
 * **effect** is typically used as a noun
 * **lie** – to be horizontal or in a certain place (lie, lying, lay, lain)
 * **lay** – to set down or put (lay, laying, laid, laid)
 * a **modifier** is a word or phrase that describes another word or phrase in a sentence
 * misplaced modifiers don’t seem to be modifying the correct word or phrase due to their placement
 * use “who” when the who is doing the primary action in the sentence ex. – **Who took** the final?
 * use “whom” when the who isn’t doing the primary action ex. – **From whom** did **they receive** the final?
 * sentences that have two negative words unintentionally make a positive
 * correct double negatives by eliminating one of the negative words or by changing it to a positive word
 * **PRESENT** || **PRESENT PARTICIPLE** || **PAST** || **PAST PARTICIPLE** ||
 * lend || (is, was) lending || lent || (have, had) lent ||
 * led || (is, was) leading || led || (have, had) led ||
 * bear || (is, was) bearing || bore || (have, had) borne ||
 * bite || (is, was) biting || bit || (have, had) bitten ||
 * choose || (is, was) choosing || chose || (have, had) chosen ||
 * freeze || (is, was) freezing || froze || (have, had) frozen ||
 * begin || (is, was) beginning || began || (have, had) begun ||
 * drink || (is, was) drinking || drank || (have, had) drunk ||
 * sing || (is, was) singing || sang || (have, had) sung ||
 * spring || (is, was) springing || sprang, sprung || (have, had) sprung ||
 * swim || (is, was) swimming || swam || (have, had) swum ||
 * fall || (is, was) falling || fell || (have, had) fallen ||
 * go || (is, was) going || went || (have, had) gone ||
 * know || (is, was) knowing || knew || (have, had) known ||
 * run || (is, was) running || ran || (have, had) run ||
 * see || (is, was) seeing || saw || (have, had) seen ||
 * take || (is, was) taking || took || (have, had) taken ||
 * write || (is, was) writing || wrote || (have, had) written ||
 * 1) Place a comma after an introductory or concluding word or phrase.
 * 1) Place a comma after everything before the conjunction in a list of three or more.
 * 1) Place a comma between two complete thoughts (subject/verb combination) separated by a conjunction (compound sentence).
 * 1) Set off **appositives** (descriptor words or phrases) with commas.
 * 1) Titles of bigger works (books, movies, paintings) need __underlining__ or //italics//.
 * 1) Titles of smaller works (short stories, poems, songs) need “quotation marks.”
 * 1) less than one complete sentence
 * 2) missing either a subject (noun) or a predicate (verb)
 * 3) ex. – The difficult final taken before break.

1. aberration (n) – a deviation 2. assuage (v) – to relieve 3. beholden (adj) – indebted 4. congenital (adj) – innate 5.edification (n) – instruction 6. ex cathedra (adj) – authoritative 7. facetiously (adv) – jokingly 8. fractious (adj) – difficult 9. guilelessly (adv) – with honesty 10. harangue (v) – to rant

11. myopic (adj) – shortsighted 12. obstreperous (adj) – unruly 13. poignantly (adv) – with emotion 14. prosaic (adj) – dull 15. purloin (v) – to steal 16. rectitude (n) – integrity 17. squander(v) – to waste 18. __temerity__ (n) – boldness 19. __unobtrusively__ (adv) – inconspicuously 20. __untrammeled__ (adj) – free

**//Concepts//** (Know how to answer multiple choice questions on each of the following topics.) I. **Synonyms & Antonyms** A. **Synonyms** – words which have the same meaning ex. – **impudent** and **impertinent** (both mean //rude//); **benevolent** and **benign** (both mean //harmless//) B. **Antonyms** – words which have the opposite meaning ex. – **corroborative** and **immaterial** (//suppotive// vs. //unimportant//) II. **Agreement**

1. A collective noun names a group of people or things: //jury, crew, family, class// III. **Modifiers / Appositives** ex. – The final, **given at the end of the semester**, was difficult. ex. – The final, **a difficult exam**, was taken at the end of the semester IV. **Literary / Poetic Devices (from (//The Odyssey, “//Book 9”)** ex. – “…nor till the **gr**ound, though **gr**ain—wild wheat and barley—**gr**ows untended…” (l.60-1) ex. – “ ‘Telemus, a son of Eurymus; great length of days he had in wizardry among the Cyclopes…’ ” (l.422-4) ex. – “ ‘Sweet cousin ram, why lag behind the rest in the night cave?’ ” (l.358-9) ex. – “We felt a pressure on our hearts, in dread of that deep rumble and that mighty man.” (l.160-1) ex. – “I wished to see the caveman, what he had to offer—no pretty sight, it turned out, for my friends.” (l.130-2) ex. – “In a smithy, one sees a white-hot axehead or adze plunged and wrung in a cold tub…just so that eyeball hissed around the spike.” (l.299-303) ex. – “carrion rogue” (l.365); “wild man” (l.115) V. **Apostrophes** A. Used to hold the place for missing letters/numbers 1. **contractions** (ex. – can’t = cannot) 2. year abbreviations (ex. – ’09 = 2009) B. Used to indicate **possession** VI. **Possessive Nouns** A. **Singular Subjects: __always__** add -‘s (ex. – Ms. Jones’s book) B. **Plural Subjects ending in –s:** add an apostrophe (ex. – the girls’ books) C. **Plural Subjects not ending in –s:** add –‘s (ex. – the women’s books) VII. **Pronoun Usage** A. **Subject Pronouns** 1. used when nouns are performing an action or in states of being (ex. – **They** took the final; the takers of the final were **they**.) 2. compound subjects follow the same format (ex. – **He and I** took the final; the takers of the final were **he and I**.) B. **Object Pronouns** 1. used when nouns are having an action performed to or for them (ex. – He gave the final to **them**; to **them** the final was given.) 2. compound subject follow the same format (ex. – He gave the final to **him and me**; to **him and me** the final was given.) C. **Antecedents** 1. sentence subject with which a pronoun corresponds (ex. - **Todd** will take the final, and he will pass.) 2. pronouns must always agree with antecedents (ex. – Todd and I will take it, and **we** will pass.) VIII. **Character Types** IX. **Plot Charting / Structure (//The Odyssey, “//Book 9”)** X. Anything about //To Kill a Mockingbird// is fair game on the final.
 * 1) **Personal Pronoun Subjects**
 * 2) Except for //be//, the only difference between singular and plural verbs is the third person present tense.
 * 3) The third person present tense always ends in –s (ex. – studies, aces, passes, etc.).
 * 4) **Compound Subjects**
 * 5) Use plural verbs with most compound subject joined by //and//.(ex. – He and she **are** studying.)
 * 6) Use singular verbs with compounds joined by //and// that refer to singular things. (ex. – Peanut better and jelly **is** good study food.)
 * 7) Use singular verbs with compound subject preceded by //each// or //every//.(ex.–Each concept and learned element **is** there.)
 * 8) When compound subject are joined by //or// or //nor//, the verb agrees with the subject nearer to the verb. (ex. – Either that question or those **are** on the final.)
 * 9) **Indefinite Pronoun Subjects**
 * 10) Singular verbs are used with singular indefinite pronouns. (ex. – Everyone //is// aware of the final.)
 * 11) Plural verbs are used with plural indefinite pronouns (ex. – Many //are// planning on studying.)
 * 12) Some indefinite pronouns may be singular or plural. (ex. – Most studying //is// helpful, but most of the students //are// ready.
 * 13) **Inverted Sentences (Subverted Subjects)**
 * 14) In most sentences, the subject appears before the verb.
 * 15) In inverted sentences, the order is reversed, and agreement problems result. (ex. – On the final //are// many questions about grammar.)
 * 16) **Collective Nouns**
 * 1) Use a singular verb when the group is acting as one unit. (ex. – The class //takes// the final.)
 * 2) Use a plural verb when members or parts are acting individually. (ex. – The class members //take// the final.)
 * 3) Some collective nouns have a plural form: //news, mumps, macaroni//
 * 4) Some nouns that end in –s may be singular or plural: //ethics, politics, athletics, economics//
 * 1) **Modifier** – a word or phrase that describes (or modifies) a noun
 * 1) **Appositive** – a noun or noun phrase that adds more detail about a noun in a sentence
 * **__alliteration__** – the repetition of the same initial consonant sound
 * **__allusion__** – a reference to a literary or historical person
 * **__apostrophe__** – speech directed to a person of thing who/that can’t hear/understand the speaker
 * **__atmosphere/mood__** – the feeling established by events, places, or situations
 * **__foreshadowing__** – a hint about what is to come
 * **__imagery__** – words or phrases that appeal to the senses
 * **__oxymoron__** - using two terms together that normally contradict each other
 * **Round** – a well-developed character who seems like a real person
 * **Flat** – an under-developed character who seerinoms made-up and two-dimensional
 * **Active** – a character who changes over the course of the narrative
 * **Static** – a character who stays the same over the course of the narrative
 * **Exposition** – the introduction of characters and basic situation; ex. – Odysseus and his men explore the Cyclops’s island including the Cyclops’s cave.
 * **Exciting Force** – a complication that starts the conflict; ex. – The Cyclops returns to the cave and rolls the stone in front of the door.
 * **Rising Action** – a series of events that develop the conflict; ex. – The Cyclops begins to eat Odysseus’s men; Odysseus gets the Cyclops drunk on wine.
 * **Climax** – the major turning point or emotional high point; ex. – Odysseus and his men blind the Cyclops and escape from his cave under the sheep.
 * **Falling action** – a series of events following the climax; ex. – Odysseus nearly dooms his men and himself by taunting the Cyclops.
 * **Resolution –** how things end up; ex. - Odysseus and his men escape the Cyclops’s island.

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1. **__adjudicate__** (v) – to judge 2. **__begrudge__** (v) – to envy 3. **__brusquely__** (adv) – abruptly 4. **__credence__** (n) – belief 5. **__engender__** (v) – to create 6. **__furtive__** (adj) – sneaky 7. **__gaffe__** (n) – a mistake 8. **__illicit__** (adj) – unlawful 9. **__irrevocable__** (adj) – permanent 10. **__nondescript__** (adj) – ordinary 11. **__nostalgically__** (adv) – with longing 12. **__penitence__** (n) – regret 13. **__profound__** (adj) – significant 14. **__quintessential__** (adj) – perfect 15. **__raucously__** (adv) – with roughness 16. **__rebuttal__** (n) – a denial 17. **__spartan__** (adj) – lacking 18. **__staidness__** (n) – dignity 19. **__surreal__** (adj) – dreamlike 20. **__temperamental__** (adj) – moody I. **Synonyms & Antonyms** A. **Synonyms** – words which have the same meaning ex. – **supple** and **malleable** (both mean //flexible//) or **grandiose** and **florid** (//showy//) B. **Antonyms** – words which have the opposite meaning ex. – **demure** and **pretentious** (//modest// vs. //pompous//) II. **Pronouns and Antecedents** · **__ pronoun __** – a substitute for a noun; ex. - Bill did well after **he** studied for the final. · **__ antecedent __** – a subject of a sentence to which a pronoun agrees; ex. – **Bill** did well after he studied. III. **Apostrophes** · possession - to show possession for a singular noun, add ‘s ex. – woman’s book or Mrs. Jones’s book - to show possession for a plural noun ending in s, add an apostrophe after the s ex. – ladies’ books - to show possession for a plural noun **__not__** ending in s, add ‘s ex. – women’s book · contractions – the apostrophe is used to hold the place for missing letters ex. – did not = didn’t · missing digits – the apostrophe can also hold the place for missing numbers ex. – Class of 2010 = Class of ‘10 IV. **Quotation Marks** · quotations - double quotes are used around direct quotations ex. - “Study!” he exclaimed. - single quotes are used around quotations with a quote ex. – “Our teacher exclaimed, ‘Study!’” reported Jeff. - do not use quotes for indirect quotations ex. - Jeff said that our teacher exclaimed that we should study. · titles of smaller works ex. – “The Raven” (poem), “Moon River” (song), “Learning English” (article) V. **Advanced Figures of Speech / Poetic Devices** · **__ hyperbole __** - use of exaggerated terms for emphasis ex. – This final has taken me so long to finish, **I’m dying**! · **__ metonymy __** – a part of something stands for a whole ex. – The **brains in the room** are working hard pass the exam. (**brains=students**) · **__ oxymoron __** - using two terms together that normally contradict each other ex. – passive aggressive, talk show, awfully good, Dodge Ram, inside out, same difference, giant Mr. F.  · **__ irony __** - a situation indicating the opposite of what is expected ex. – After being given the final study sheet, they didn’t know what was on the final. · **__ alliteration __** – the repetition of an initial word sound ex. – All of the __st__udying __st__udents were __st__riving not to __st__ay freshmen forever. VI. **Affect vs. Effect & Lie vs. Lay** · ** affect ** is typically used as a verb ex. – How will studying for the final **affect** your overall grade in the class? · ** effect ** is typically used as a noun ex. – What will be the **effect** of the final on your overall grade? · ** lie ** – to be horizontal or in a certain place (lie, lying, lay, lain) ex. – Please go **lie** down in bed so you’ll be rested for the final. · ** lay ** – to set down or put (lay, laying, laid, laid) ex. – Please **lay** your final on the teacher’s desk VII. **Misplaced Modifiers** · a **modifier** is a word or phrase that describes another word or phrase in a sentence · misplaced modifiers don’t seem to be modifying the correct word or phrase due to their placement - ** incorrect ** : All of the students thought that the final was easy **who had studied**. - ** correct ** : All of the students **who had studied** thought that the final was easy. VIII. **Who vs. Whom** · use “who” when the who is doing the primary action in the sentence ex. – **Who took** the final? · use “whom” when the who isn’t doing the primary action ex. – **From whom** did **they receive** the final? IX. **Title Non-Capitalization** Articles (the, an, a), conjunctions (and, but, or), and prepositions (of, by, for, on) **__aren’t__** capitalized in the middle of titles. ex. - //Love in a Time of War and Violence// X. **Double Negatives** · sentences that have two negative words unintentionally make a positive · correct double negatives by eliminating one of the negative words or by changing it to a positive word - ** incorrect ** : There won’t be **no**body who fails the final - ** correct ** : There won’t be **any**body who fails the final. XI. **Irregular Verbs**
 * __ English 2 S1 Final Study Sheet __**
 * // Vocabulary //** (Know the spelling, part of speech, and definition of each word.)
 * // Concepts //** (Know how to answer multiple choice questions on each of the following topics.)


 * **PRESENT** || ** PRESENT PARTICIPLE ** || ** PAST ** || ** PAST PARTICIPLE ** ||
 * lend || (is, was) lending || lent || (have, had) lent ||
 * led || (is, was) leading || led || (have, had) led ||
 * bear || (is, was) bearing || bore || (have, had) borne ||
 * bite || (is, was) biting || bit || (have, had) bitten ||
 * choose || (is, was) choosing || chose || (have, had) chosen ||
 * freeze || (is, was) freezing || froze || (have, had) frozen ||
 * begin || (is, was) beginning || began || (have, had) begun ||
 * drink || (is, was) drinking || drank || (have, had) drunk ||
 * sing || (is, was) singing || sang || (have, had) sung ||
 * spring || (is, was) springing || sprang, sprung || (have, had) sprung ||
 * swim || (is, was) swimming || swam || (have, had) swum ||
 * fall || (is, was) falling || fell || (have, had) fallen ||
 * go || (is, was) going || went || (have, had) gone ||
 * know || (is, was) knowing || knew || (have, had) known ||
 * run || (is, was) running || ran || (have, had) run ||
 * see || (is, was) seeing || saw || (have, had) seen ||
 * take || (is, was) taking || took || (have, had) taken ||
 * write || (is, was) writing || wrote || (have, had) written ||

XII. **Commas** A. Place a comma after an introductory or concluding word or phrase. ex. – **Before going out,** we must study for the final. B. Place a comma after everything before the conjunction in a list of three or more. ex. – We must bring a **pen,** our **homework,** and our brains. C. Place a comma between two complete thoughts (subject/verb combination) separated by a conjunction (compound sentence). ex. – **I’ll** eventually **go** to the party**,** but **I** must **study** first. D. Set off appositives (descriptor words or phrases) with commas. ex. – I have to study for English 1**,** **my next class,** if I want to do well. XIII. **Titles** A. Titles of bigger works (books, movies, paintings) need __underlining__ or //italics//. ex. – __White Oleander__ B. Titles of smaller works (short stories, poems, songs) need “quotation marks.” ex. – “A Path through the Cemetery” XIV. **Fragments and Run-ons** A. **Fragment** 1. less than one complete sentence 2. missing either a subject (noun) or a predicate (verb) 3. ex. – The difficult final taken before break. B. **Run-on** 1. more than one complete sentence 2. needs to be divided into complete sentences or thoughts using: a. period (.) b. semicolon c. comma and conjunction (and, but, or, so. etc.) 3. ex. – The difficult final taken before break was hard we had studied. XV. Anything about //White Oleander// is fair game on the final. <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 9222px; width: 1px;"> = English 1 Links: =

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; background-image: url(">[] <span style="background-color: #ffffff; background-image: url(">[]
 * Quizlet ** - Click on the link below to go to a site where you can study and play games with this semester's words.
 * Also, you can prepare for the final at this site: **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;">** __ English 1 S1 Final Study Sheet __ **

1. apprehensively (adv) – with fear 2. assuage (v) – to comfort 3. amiable (adj) – friendly 4. contrition (n) – guilt 5. futility (n) – uselessness 6. genially (adv) – with friendliness 7. guileless (adj) - honest 8. indigenous (adj) – native 9. inquisitive (adj) – curious 10. incredulous (adj) – disbelieving 11. malevolent (adj) – evil 12. mortification (n) – embarrassment 13. poignantly (adv) – deeply 14. query (n) – a question 15. relent (v) – to stop 16. remorse (n) – regret 17. repugnance (n) – dislike 18. scrutinize (v) – to inspect 19. squalor (n) – dirtiness 20. wrathfully (adv) – angrily
 * // Vocabulary // ** (Know the spelling, part of speech, and definition of each word.)


 * // Concepts // **(Know how to answer multiple choice questions on each of the following topics.)